Temperature rise during cement hydration is still a major problem in the construction of bulk concrete structures. The internal temperature of bulk concrete increases due to the cement hydration process while the external concrete may be cooling and shrinking. When the temperature varies significantly across the structure, it can cause cracks in the concrete. Also, high temperatures can delay the formation of ettringite and reduce the strength and durability of concrete. Replacing natural pozzolans is one of the most effective methods to reduce thermal stresses and control cracking. In this research, the aim is to design cement to make self-compacting bulk concrete with high strength (C50). Based on this and after checking the conditions of the country and the availability of the best natural pozzolan, iron smelting furnace slag and microsilica were used as alternative pozzolans. Thus, three two-component cements with 35%, 40% and 45% replacement of slag and a three-component cement containing 45% slag and 6% microsilica were investigated. For the design of these cements, after conducting physical and chemical tests of cement and cement mortar, the required technical parameters obtained by polling concrete technology experts were checked. The results showed that slag can play an essential role in improving the mechanical, workability and thermal properties of concrete. Based on the results, cement with 45% slag had the best performance.

Temperature rise during cement hydration is still a major problem in the construction of bulk concrete structures. The internal temperature of bulk concrete increases due to the cement hydration process while the external concrete may be cooling and shrinking. When the temperature varies significantly across the structure, it can cause cracks in the concrete. Also, high temperatures can delay the formation of ettringite and reduce the strength and durability of concrete. Replacing natural pozzolans is one of the most effective methods to reduce thermal stresses and control cracking. In this research, the aim is to design cement to make self-compacting bulk concrete with high strength (C50). Based on this and after checking the conditions of the country and the availability of the best natural pozzolan, iron smelting furnace slag and microsilica were used as alternative pozzolans. Thus, three two-component cements with 35%, 40% and 45% replacement of slag and a three-component cement containing 45% slag and 6% microsilica were investigated. For the design of these cements, after conducting physical and chemical tests of cement and cement mortar, the required technical parameters obtained by polling concrete technology experts were checked. The results showed that slag can play an essential role in improving the mechanical, workability and thermal properties of concrete. Based on the results, cement with 45% slag had the best performance.

This study focuses on the investigation of intelligent form-finding and vibration analysis of a triangular polyhedral tensegrity that is enclosed within a sphere and subjected to external loads. The nonlinear dynamic equations of the system are derived using the Lagrangian approach and the finite element method. The proposed form-finding approach, which is based on a basic genetic algorithm, can determine regular or irregular tensegrity shapes without dimensional constraints. Stable tensegrity structures are generated from random configurations and based on defined constraints (nodes located on the sphere, parallelism, and area of upper and lower surfaces), and shape finding is performed using the fitness function of the genetic algorithm and multi-objective optimization goals. The genetic algorithm's efficacy in determining the shape of structures with unpredictable configurations is evaluated in two distinct scenarios: one involving a known connection matrix and the other involving fixed or random member positions (struts and cables). The shapes obtained from the algorithm suggested in this study are validated using the force density approach, and their vibration characteristics are examined. The findings of the comparative study demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology in determining the vibrational behavior of tensegrity structures through the utilization of intelligent shape seeking techniques.

One of the basic topics in hydrological and river engineering studies is flood routing.Flood flooding is common in multi-tributary rivers and rivers without intermediate basin statistics. Therefore, to achieve the determination of slopes and cross-sections in all sections of the river, the Muskingum hydrological model is a useful method that helps to save information on the depth and flow of the flood at any time by saving time and money. To specify. In this study, the nonlinear parameters of the new Muskingum model are optimized based on the fly algorithm (MA). In this non-linear model of Muskingum, which has eight parameters, the recovery coefficient γ is used, which has more or less values ​​than the number of peaks discharged in the output hydrograph.To evaluate the performance of Muskingum's new nonlinear model with the new MA algorithm, the Wilson and Weisman-Lewis case study has been used by many previous researchers for validation.The results of the MA algorithm for Wilson and Weissman-Lewis rivers show the minimization of the residual squares (SSQ) as the objective function, which is 3.21 for the Wilson River and 68722 for the Weissman River. The results of this study showed that the proposed model has high accuracy in estimating the output discharge values.

Increasing population and food demand, disproportionate cultivation and annual production of various agricultural products with market needs and low productivity of the agricultural sector and the loss of water and soil resources have made it necessary to determine and implement the country's optimal cropping pattern. In this study, due to the limitations and problems of classical methods in order to reduce processing time and improve the quality of solutions, the Multi-Objective Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization was used to determine the optimal cultivation pattern of Sistan plain in optimal conditions and deficit irrigation. The results of the Multi-Objective Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization for the dominant cultures in the region showed that the current cropping pattern of the region is not optimal and with the implementation of the proposed model, the profit per unit area under cultivation will increase. The results of application of deficit irrigation during different growing periods of wheat, barley, alfalfa, sorghum, watermelon and grapes showed that applying deficit irrigation in this plain is not a good strategy and therefore only a full irrigation strategy is recommended. The results of sensitivity analysis of the model showed that at low prices, farmers reaction is less and at higher prices more reaction to price changes and with increasing prices, the program efficiency is lower.

Salinity stress is one of the most important problems in agriculture sector, especially in dry and semi-dry land regions of the world. To evaluate salt tolerance of different varieties of barley, cotton, canola, and forage sorghum, some experiments were conducted in Salinity Research Farm, National Salinity Research Center, Yazd, Iran. Species and cultivars included barley (Rodasht, Afzal. Line1 and Line4), cotton (Siokra, Bakhtgan and Varamin varieties), canola (Hyola401, Hyola420, Rindow, Zarfam, SLM, Sarigol, Talent, Option500, Option501, RGS, Opera, Elite, Mozart, CV. Star, CV. Roby, SYN, Milena, Okapi and GoldRush), and forage sorghum (KFS1, KFS2, KFS3, KFS4, Speedfeed, Sugargraze, Jumbo, and Nectar varieties). These were tested by irrigated water treatments with salinity of 2 to 14 dS. m-1 for two years. Results of the experiments showed that there were some inter and intra species differences in salinity tolerance. Generally, salinity tolerance indexes of barley and cotton were 18. 70 and 13. 80, respectively. The parameter C50, which indicates 50 percent reduction in yield, was 18 and 12. 6 dS/m for barley and cotton, respectively. The salinity tolerance threshold values of the barley and cotton species were 3. 6 and 4. 6 dS/m, respectively, based on two linear models. The slope of decreasing yield for this species was 3. 6% and 5. 7%, respectively. The most salinity tolerant variety among the studied varieties were Rodasht for barley, Siokra for cotton, varieties Hyola420, Hyola401, Option501, Mozart and RGS for canola, and Speedfeed for hybrid sorghum and Line KFS3 for local varieties of sorghum. It should be noted that, for selection of tolerant varieties, in addition to threshold values, other parameters like absolute yield, STI and Tol indices need to be considered.

This article investigates the problem of simultaneous attitude and vibration control of a flexible spacecraft to perform high precision attitude maneuvers and reduce vibrations caused by the flexible panel excitations in the presence of external disturbances, system uncertainties, and actuator faults. Adaptive integral sliding mode control is used in conjunction with an attitude actuator fault iterative learning observer (based on sliding mode) to develop an active fault tolerant algorithm considering rigid-flexible body dynamic interactions. The discontinuous structure of fault-tolerant control led to discontinuous commands in the control signal, resulting in chattering. This issue was resolved by introducing an adaptive rule for the sliding surface. Furthermore, the utilization of the sign function in the iterative learning observer for estimating actuator faults has not only enhanced its robustness to external disturbances through a straightforward design, but has also led to a decrease in computing workload. The strain rate feedback control algorithm has been employed with the use of piezoelectric sensor/actuator patches to minimize residual vibrations caused by rigid-flexible body dynamic interactions and the effect of attitude actuator faults. Lyapunov's law ensures finite-time overall system stability even with fully coupled rigid-flexible nonlinear dynamics. Numerical simulations demonstrate the performance and advantages of the proposed system compared to other conventional approaches.

Incontrovertibly, the sense of hearing is one of the five most substantial human senses. In fact, the human ear receives sound and transmits to the human brain by the auditory organs. Hence, sound can be considered as one of the key tools of human communication with each other and the environment around them. Since acoustic has a profound impact on the body, soul, and the performance of human it finds a unique place in cooperation with other sciences, namely architecture, in itschr('39') hundred years of existence. In accordance with this issue, one of those spaces that has a great impact on the level of performance, and sense of serenity is mosque. This is because individuals gather together in mosques in order to find a quite space away from everyday conflicts. In the past due to lack of cutting-edge technology, there were some predicament for people inside the mosque to hear the voice of speaker; however, mosques were designed in a way to have a great acoustic response on the environment. Actually the high volume of space and the large number of hard and reflective materials, somehow made it difficult for the audience to understand speech and sound. Geometric decoding of the architecture of Iranian mosques from the perspective of engineering and understanding the effective parameters of the capabilities of structures and their performance are the requirements that should be considered in order to preserve and revive these works and their application in contemporary architecture. One of the most unknown functionality features of mosques, especially in domes, are their sound status which according to contemporary knowledge does not have comprehensible engineering and even has some inconsistencies. Speech clarity and reverberation time are the main acoustic parameters of architecture that can be considered as indexes to examine audio comfort that have been influenced by a factor called geometry in the architecture of domes. In this research, jame mosque of Isfahan has been selected because it was a center of old texture of this city at the beginning of its formation at the second century AH which encompasses thousands of years of valuable structural, architectural, and artistic characteristics. The Nezam Al molk dome which is located on the south of jame mosque belongs to Saljuk era is one of the precious mementos with covered interior space decorated with break, stucco, stone, tile has been evaluated as one of the most prominent brick domes in terms of geometry and sound effects. Among the large number of studies and researches that are done in the world a very small percentage of it belongs to the acoustic science and especially the acoustics of mosques. While in this quantitative research with the help of simulation and accurate calculations of Ease 4.4 software which is one of the widely used applications in acoustic field, and according to the international standards presented in Acoustic books analyze the quality of sound and acoustic parameters in the dome the factors including reverberation time (RT), sound clarity (C50), speech transfer coefficient (STI), and audio pressure level (SPL) have been evaluated. The results show that acoustic parameters (RT is the most important) are not acceptable in the dome and need to be optimized, and owing to the fact that geometry and physical structure is inconvertible, optimization can be achieved by focusing on available materials. In contrast, Speech resolution (C50) in this space is appropriate and acceptable. In other words, mogharnas, squinches and all the introduced spaces in this model create a space that despite the inability to create an appropriate time reverberation, provides the required clarity of speech of the space. This contradictions, indicates the coordination of the components of the dome such as height, volume, squinch and Mogharnas and their effect on sound quality. In other words, transmission of sound to the upper space and exiting out of the level of the human ear as well as absorption of sound energy will assist to broadcast sound greatly and create clear audio in the space itself. As a consequence, the effect of background sound from external environments will be minimized in order to provide understandability and clarity of speech in the dome. Geometry and applied materials at the dome were designed to broadcast the sound, more reflection and stability of the sound in the atmosphere, and it is not focused on clarity of the sound. Perhaps the goal of the space designer is to enhance the sense of place by using sounds, not verbal reminders, which are merely conveying meaning and content, and background sound (without semantic connection) creates a sense of space and place. Center, south, southwest, southeast, of dome have a better position in terms of acoustic. Certainly, the acoustic study in such an important historical building is a turning point for more knowledge of traditional Iranian architecture and its preservation and continuity based on the needs of the contemporary era.